Class 3 dangerous goods : flamable liquids

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MA-jpNVlXEw

Class 3 dangerous goods : flamable liquids

Minggu 25 Mei 2013...

Flamabel Liquids Class 3

Dangerous Goods

Pengertian Barang-Barang BerbahayaMenurut Asosiasi Angkutan Udara International (IATA) dalam buku Peraturan Barang Berbahaya (Dangerous Goods Regulation) dan Annex 18 tentang The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, bahwa Barang Berbahaya didefinisikan sebagai berikut : Dangerous Goods are articles or subtances which are capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety or to property when transported by air. Berarti bahwa suatu barang berbahaya adalah bahan atau zat yang berpotensi dapat membahayakan secara nyata terhadap kesehatan, keselamatan atau harta milik apabila diangkut dengan pesawat udara. Bahaya yang ditimbulkan akan berakibat pada keselamatan.
Hal ini memberikan petunjuk kepada mereka yang bergerak di bidang penanganan Barang Berbahaya yang akan dikirim atau diterima, agar tetap menjaga keamanan dan keselamatan terhadap kemungkinan terjadi kecelakaan penerbangan yang disebabkan petugas berwenang yang lalai atau kurang melaksanakan pengawasan yang ketat terhadap barang berbahaya tersebut.
Pada dasarnya Barang Berbahaya dapat diangkut dengan pesawat udara, namun harus memenuhi persyaratan sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku, termasuk aturan kemasan dan cara pengemasannya, pemberian label, serta penyimpanan dan pemuatannya. Apabila petugas yang menangani Barang Berbahaya menyimpang dari peraturan, maka dimungkinkan adanya bahaya yang akan mencelakakan manusia, merugikan perusahaan atau merusak fasilitas lain. Oleh karena itu untuk menjamin keselamatan dan pengamanan serta lancarnya pengangkutan barang berbahaya diperlukan penanganan yang sebaik-baiknya dan penuh rasa tanggung jawab.

Dangerous Goods dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 9, antara lain :
Kelas 1 Explosives
Kelas 2 Gasses
Kelas 3 Flammable Liquids
Kelas 4 Flammable Solids
Kelas 5 Oxidizing Substances
Kelas 6 Poisonous, Toxic or Infectious Substance
Kelas 7 Radio Active Material
Kelas 8 Corrosive
Kelas 9 Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods

Dan disini akan lebih diperdalam pembahasan mengenai kelas 3 yaitu flamable liquids, berikut penjelasannya :

Flamable liquids

 Cairan yang mudah terbakar (Flamable Liquids / RFL)
    yaitu cairan dengan titik nyala di bawah 60,5°. dibawah suhu tersebut cairan dapat mengeluarkan asap yang mudah terbakar. Kelas 3 ini tidak mempunyai divisi. Contoh : Cat, Alkohol,acetone,petroleum,varnish,methylated

bahaya yang dapat ditimbulkan flamable liquids dapat mengeluarkan uap yang dapat terbakarSebuah cairan yang mudah terbakar adalah cairan yang memiliki titik nyala tidak lebih dari 60,5 ° C (141 ° F), atau materi dalam fase cair dengan titik nyala pada atau di atas 37,8 ° C (100 ° F) yang sengaja dipanaskan dan ditawarkan untuk transportasi atau diangkut pada atau di atas titik nyala dalam kemasan massal.Pengecualian berikut ini berlaku

Sebuah cairan yang mudah terbakar adalah cairan yang memiliki titik nyala tidak lebih dari 60,5 ° C (141 ° F), atau materi dalam fase cair dengan titik nyala pada atau di atas 37,8 ° C (100 ° F) yang sengaja dipanaskan dan ditawarkan untuk transportasi atau diangkut pada atau di atas titik nyala dalam kemasan massal.Pengecualian berikut ini berlaku:

1.Setiap pertemuan cair salah satu definisi yang ditentukan dalam 49CFR 173,115.

2. Setiap campuran memiliki satu atau lebih komponen dengan titik nyala dari 60,5 ° C (141 ° F) atau lebih tinggi, yang membentuk setidaknya 99 persen dari volume total campuran, jika campuran tidak ditawarkan untuk transportasi atau diangkut pada atau atas titik flash.

3. Setiap cair dengan titik nyala lebih dari 35 ° C (95 ° F) yang tidak mendukung pembakaran menurut ASTM 4206 atau prosedur dalam Lampiran H dari bagian ini.

4. Setiap cair dengan titik nyala lebih dari 35 ° C (95 ° F) dan dengan titik apiyang lebih besar dari 100 ° C (212 ° F) sesuai dengan ISO 2592.

5.  Setiap cair dengan titik nyala lebih dari 35 ° C (95 ° F) yang dalam larutan air-larut dengan kadar air lebih dari 90 persen oleh massa.

Titik Nyala: Titik flash suhu minimum di mana cairan mengeluarkan uap dalam bejana tes dalam konsentrasi yang cukup untuk membentuk campuran ignitable dengan udara dekat permukaan cairan.

Examples of flammable liquids

Flammable liquids include, but are not limited to

Common name	CAS Number	Flash point	Class	Autoignition Temperature
Acetone	67-64-1	−17 °C (1 °F)	IB	465 °C (869 °F)
Biodiesel	n/a mixture	>130 °C (266 °F)	IIIB
Dimethyl ether	115-10-6	−41 °C (−42 °F)	IA	235 °C (455 °F)
Diesel	n/a mixture	>62 °C (144 °F)	IIIA	210 °C (410 °F)
Ethanol	64-17-5	12.8 °C (55.0 °F)	IB	365 °C (689 °F)
Diethyl ether	60-29-7	−45 °C (−49 °F)	IA	170 °C (338 °F)
Gasoline	n/a mixture	<−40 °C (−40 °F)	IB	246 °C (475 °F)
Jet fuel	n/a mixture	>38 °C (100 °F)	II	210 °C (410 °F)
Kerosene (paraffin oil)	n/a mixture	>38–72 °C (100–162 °F)	IIIA	220 °C (428 °F)
Methanol	67-56-1	11 °C (52 °F)	IB	464 °C (867 °F)
Nitromethane	75-52-5	35 °C (95 °F)
Vegetable oil (canola)	n/a mixture		IIIB	327 °C (621 °F)[1]

Compatibility Table

Load and Segregation Chart
	Weight	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.6	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.3		3	4.1	4.2	4.3	5.1	5.2	6.1	7	8
											A	B							A
3	1001 lb	X	X	X	O	X					X	O					O		X
Key

Tidak ada Tidak adanya kelas bahaya atau divisi atau ruang kosong dalam tabel menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pembatasan berlaku.

* Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemisahan antara Kelas 1 bahan yang berbeda diatur oleh tabel kompatibilitas di 49CFR 177,848 (f)

X :Bahan-bahan ini tidak dapat dimuat, diangkut, atau disimpan bersama-sama dalam kendaraan transportasi yang sama atau fasilitas penyimpanan selama transportasi.

O:Menunjukkan bahwa bahan-bahan tidak dapat dimuat, diangkut atau disimpan bersama-sama dalam kendaraan transportasi yang sama atau fasilitas penyimpanan selama transportasi, kecuali dipisahkan dengan cara yang, jika terjadi kebocoran dari paket di bawah kondisi normal kejadian untuk transportasi, percampuran bahan berbahaya tidak akan terjadi.

A : Catatan ini berarti bahwa, meskipun persyaratan huruf 'X', amonium nitrat pupuk dapat dimuat atau disimpan dengan Divisi 1,1 atau 1,5 Divisi bahan.

anya kelas bahaya atau divisi atau ruang kosong dalam tabel menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pembatasan berlaku.

Simbol untuk B3 klasifikasi bersifat mudah menyala (flammable).

Warna dasar putih dengan garis tepi tebal berwarna merah.Gambar simbol berupa gambar nyala api berwarna putih dan hitam.Simbol ini menunjukkan suatu bahan yang memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut :

a. Dapat menjadi panas atau meningkat suhunya dan terbakar karena kontak dengan udara pada temperatur ambien;

b. Padatan yang mudah terbakar karena kontak dengan sumber nyala api;

c. Gas yang mudah terbakar pada suhu dan tekanan normal;

d. Mengeluarkan gas yang sangat mudah terbakar dalam jumlah yang berbahaya, jika bercampur atau kontak dengan air atau udara lembap;

e. Padatan atau cairan yang memiliki titik nyala di bawah 0oC dan titik didih lebih rendah atau sama dengan 35oC;

f. Padatan atau cairan yang memiliki titik nyala 0^oC - 21^oC;

g. Cairan yang mengandung alkohol kurang dari 24% volume dan/atau pada titik nyala (flash point ) tidak lebih dari 60^oC (140^oF) akan menyala apabila terjadi kontak dengan api, Percikan api atau sumber nyala lain pada tekanan 760 mmHg. Pengujiannya dapat dilakukan dengan metode "Closed-Up Test";

h. Padatan yang pada temperatur dan tekanan standar (25^oC dan 760 mmHg) dengan mudah menyebabkan terjadinya kebakaran melalui gesekan, penyerapan uap air atau perubahan kimia secara spontan dan apabila terbakar dapat menyebabkan kebakaran yang terus-menerus selama 10 detik.Padatan yang hasil pengujian "Seta Close Cup Flash Point"-nya menunjukkan titik nyala kurang dari 40^oC;

i. Aerosol yang mudah menyala;

Penggunaan

• Flammable gases, category 1
• Flammable aerosols, categories 1, 2
• Flammable liquids, categories 1, 2, 3
• Flammable solids, categories 1, 2

Simbol cairan mudah terbakar.
Bahan dasar berwarna merah. Gambar simbol berupa lidah api berwarna putih yang menyala pada suatu permukaan berwarna putih. Gambar terletak di bawah sudut atas garis ketupat bagian dalam. Pada bagian tengah terdapat tulisan CAIRAN dan dibawahnya terdapat tulisan ..MUDAH TERBAKAR berwarna putih. Blok segi lima berwarna putih.

4.1. Tanda atau Marka (Marking)

       Pada dasarnya marka atau tanda-tanda yang harus ditempel atau dipasang pada paket atau kemasan suatu Barang Berbahaya menjadi tanggung jawab pengirim (Shipper).

       Ada dua jenis marka atau tanda yaitu :

       5.a. Marka khusus kemasan

              Package specifikation marking yaitu tanda yang menunjukkan ciri-ciri, misal UN 4G artinya tanda kotak dari bahan fiber-kayu (fiberboard box).

       5.b. Kemasan yang menggunakan tanda untuk : Jenis Barang Berbahaya, Pengirim BB, Penerima BB dan lainnya.

4.2. Tanda-tanda spesifik kemasak

       Setiap kemasan yang akan diangkut dengan pesawat udara harus diberi tanda atau marking, sebagaimana contoh berikut :

             UN 4G/Y50/S/99

             NL/VL 824

       Keterangan :

UN    = United Nations (Simbul Internasional)

4G     = 4 kode Fiberboard/papan fiber; G kode Boxs/kotak

Y       = Packing Group (kelompok kemasan)

50      = Maksimum kuantitas 50 kg

S       = Solid/padat : Inner Packing

99      = Tahun pembuatan 1999

NL    = Negara yang berkepentingan

VL    = Nomor pabrik

4.3. Pemasangan Tanda-tanda

       Tanda-tanda yang diperlukan harus ditempel sesuai dengan jenis Barang berbahaya yang terdapat dalam kemasan. Tanda-tanda itu harus lekat benar dan tulisan harus tercetak jelas dengan catatan : (lihat Gbr. 5.1)

       - Tahan lama

       - Mudah dilihat

       - Latar belakang yang menyolok atau kontras

       - Tidak tertutup oleh tanda lain

       Sesuai dengan peraturan barang berbahaya atau DGR, bahwa tanda-tanda harus terletak pada kemasan dengan posisi yang benar sesuai dengan aturan di atas.

       Apabila terdapat sisa tanda yang tidak perlu yang masih melekat pada kemasan, maka tanda lama tersebut harus dicabut dan diganti yang baru.

       Kaitannya dengan pemasangan tanda-tanda ini, pihak pengirim perlu mengadakan pemeriksaan ulang, apakah tanda-tanda pada kemasan telah lengkap dan memenuhi syarat, selain itu tiap kemasan tunggal juga diberikan tanda-tanda.

4.4. Label (Labelling)

       4.4.1.  Pengertian Umum

                   Setiap kemasan yang akan diangkut dengan pesawat udara harus ditempel label sesuai dengan isi kemasan. Pengirim bertanggung jawab menempelkan label pada kemasan tersebut, Sedangkan Airline (operator yang mengangkut) bertanggung jawab hanya mengganti label yang tidak jelas atau rusak selama pengangkutan.

                   Yang dimaksud label adalah kertas bergambar dan bertuliskan, berbentuk segi empat yang menggambarkan Barang Berbahaya yang ditempel pada kemasan berukuran 100 mm x 100 mm

       4.4.2.  Jenis Label

                   a.  Hazards Label atau label bahaya (lihat Tabel 5.1)

                        Adalah label yang mengidentifikasikan adanya bahaya atau risiko, berupa gambar simbol dan nomor kelas yang masing-masing mempunyai warna dasar berbeda sesuai kelasnya.

                   b.  Handling Label atau label Instruksi (lihat Tabel 5.2)

                        Adalah label yang berisi gambar dan tulisan serta petunjuk lain yang merupakan instruksi untuk dilaksanakan atau ditaati.

4.5. Syarat Penempelan Label antara lain

       - Semua label ditempel di tempat aman pada kemasan sehingga mudah dibaca, dilihat dan tidak kabur

       - Setiap label harus ditempel atau tercetak secara jelas dan warna yang kontras

       - Ditempel yang kuat dan ukurannya sesuai aturan yang berlaku.

4.6. Posisi Label dalam pemasangan

       - Berdampingan denga teks alamat pengirim

       - Label bahaya utama berdampingan dengan label bahaya tambahan

       - Label CAO (cargo aircraft only) berdampingan pada sisi yang sama

       - Tanda “this way Up” dipasang pada kedua sisi yang bertolak

           Belakang.

flamable liquids storage : 

  

  penyimpanan cairan yang mudah terbakar, drum harus diletakan pada rak agar mudah diidentifikasi dengan jelas dan dipasangi graounding agar mencegah dan menghindari terjadi nya listrik statik

Packing Groups

Class 3 Packing Groups
Packing Group	Flash Point (Closed-Cup)	Initial Boiling Point
I		<=35°C (95°F)
II	<23°C (73°F)	>35°C (95°F)
III	>=23°C, <=60°C (140°F)	>35°C (95°F)

Tanggung jawab pengirim/shiper (DGR book)

Tanggung jawab pengirim/shiper (DGR book)

1.    Diharuskan member informasi dengan jelas pada Shipper Declaration for Dangerous Good (DGD) berdasarkan Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

2.    Memastikan bahwa barang DG yang dikirim melalui pesawat udara adalah tidak di larang untuk di agkut pesawat udara.

3.    Harus mengidentifikasi isi kiriman tersebut, mengklasifikasikan, membungkus/ packing, label dan keterangan, dan mendokumentasikannya sesuai dengan IATA DGR book.

4.    Pembuat Shipper Declaration harus sudah mendapatkan pengetahuan/ training DGR sebelum menyerahkan pengiriman ataupun embuat keterangan tentang kiriman DG tersebut.

Tata cara pengiriman Dangerous Goods

1.    Pengirim / shipper memohon pembukuan terlebih dahulu melalui airlines customer service dengan memberikan MSDS, pemberitahuan tentang Isi, tujuan dan tanggal pengiriman.

2.    Customer service menginformasikan dan meminta klarifikasi persetujuan angkut atas lampiran MSDS dari penirim kepada station ramp/traffic yang bersertifikat DGR.

3.    Station ramp/ traffic akan meneliti MSDS Sserta peralatan yang ada apakah sudah sesuai ketentuan minimum DGR.

4.    Apabila data MSDS sesuai dengan ketentuan DGR, station ramp/ traffic menkonfirmasikan kepada customer service barang DG tersebut dapat di angkut.

5.    Bila data belum lengkap , station ramp/traffic meminta kepada pengirim/ shipper untuk melengkapi persyaratannya disampaikan melalui customer service.

Tanggung jawab operator/ airlines

1.    Acceptance

Acceptance adalah kegiatan awal yang harus melakukan pengontrolan DG shipment, sebagai berikut :

a.    Check MSDS dari shipper

b.    Check pengisian shipper declaration sudah benar apa belum

c.    Check packing atau kemasannya.

d.    Check labeling dan markingnya

e.    Melaporkan ke station ramp/traffic

       Tugas station ramp/traffic, adalah :

a.    Check MSDS dari shipper

b.    Check pengisian shipper declaration (DGD)

c.    Check packing atau kemasannya

d.    Check labeling dan markingnya

e.    Melakukan pemeriksaan fisik barang dan dokumentasinya dengan menggunakan check list yang ada (DANGEROUS GOODS CHECK LIST FOR A NON- RADIOACTIVE  SHIPPMENT)

f.     Membuat NOTOC ( Notifikasi to Captain) apabila kiriman tersebut bisa diterima untuk di berangkatkan.

g.    Membuat pre alert ke transit dan destination station.

2.    Storage

3.    Loading

4.    Inspection

5.    Kelengkapan informasi termasuk penanganan dalam kondisi darurat

6.    Pencatatan data dan filling

7.    Pelatihan

Tariff khusus brang berbahaya (dangerous goods kelas 9)

-          Tariff minimum = berat minimum 10kg x dari tariff yang berlaku x 100% surcharge

-          Tariff sesuai berat = actual atau volume weight x dari tariff yang berlaku x 100% surcharge

Dangerous goods

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"HazMat" redirects here. For the Marvel character, see Hazmat (comics).

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012)

An Emergency Medical Technician team training as rescue (grey suits) and decontamination (green suits) responders to hazardous material and toxic contamination situations.

Dangerous goods are solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment. They are often subject to chemical regulations. In the United States and sometimes in Canada dangerous goods are more commonly known ashazardous materials, (abbreviated as HAZMAT or HazMat). "HazMat teams" are personnel specially trained to handle dangerous goods. Dangerous goods include materials that are radioactive, flammable, explosive, corrosive, oxidizing, asphyxiating, biohazardous,toxic, pathogenic, or allergenic. Also included are physical conditions such as compressed gases and liquids or hot materials, including all goods containing such materials or chemicals, or may have other characteristics that render them hazardous in specific circumstances.

In the United States, dangerous goods are often indicated by diamond-shaped signage on the item (see NFPA 704), its container, and/or the building where it is stored. The colours of each diamond in a way has reference to its hazard i.e.: Flammable = red because fire and heat are generally of red colour, Explosive = orange, because mixing red (flammable) with yellow (oxidising agent) creates orange. Non-flammable Non-toxic Gas = green, due to all compressed air vessels being this colour in France after World War II^{[citation needed]}. France is where the diamond system of HazMat identification originated.

Contents   [hide]  1 Handling 2 Global regulations 3 Classification and labeling summary tables 4 Other hazardous materials labels (CHIP) 5 Australia 6 Canada 7 Europe 7.1 United Kingdom 8 United States 8.1 Hazard classes for materials in transport 8.2 Fixed facilities 9 Packing groups 10 Transport documents 11 See also 12 References 13 Further reading

Handling [edit]

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012)

Mitigating the risks associated with hazardous materials may require the application of safety precautions during their transport, use, storage and disposal. Most countries regulate hazardous materials by law, and they are subject to several international treaties as well. Even so, different countries may use different class diamonds for the same product. For example, in Australia, Anhydrous Ammonia UN 1005 is classified as 2.3 (Toxic Gas) with sub risk 8 (Corrosive), whereas in the U.S. it is only classified as 2.2 (Non Flammable Gas).

People who handle dangerous goods will often wear protective equipment, and metropolitan fire departments often have a response team specifically trained to deal with accidents and spills. Persons who may come into contact with dangerous goods as part of their work are also often subject to monitoring or health surveillance to ensure that their exposure does not exceed occupational exposure limits.

Laws and regulations on the use and handling of hazardous materials may differ depending on the activity and status of the material. For example, one set of requirements may apply to their use in the workplace while a different set of requirements may apply to spill response, sale for consumer use, or transportation. Most countries regulate some aspect of hazardous materials.

In the United States, transportation of hazardous materials is regulated by the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act.

Global regulations [edit]

The most widely applied regulatory scheme is that for the transportation of dangerous goods. The United Nations Economic and Social Council issues the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, which form the basis for most regional, national, and international regulatory schemes. For instance, the International Civil Aviation Organizationhas developed dangerous goods regulations for air transport of hazardous materials that are based upon the UN Model but modified to accommodate unique aspects of air transport. Individual airline and governmental requirements are incorporated with this by the International Air Transport Association to produce the widely used IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR).^[1] Similarly, the International Maritime Organization has developed the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code ("IMDG Code", part of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea) for transportation of dangerous goods by sea. The Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail has developed the Regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail ("RID", part of the Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail). Many individual nations have also structured their dangerous goods transportation regulations to harmonize with the UN Model in organization as well as in specific requirements.

The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed upon system set to replace the various classification and labeling standards used in different countries. GHS will use consistent criteria for classification and labeling on a global level.

Classification and labeling summary tables [edit]

Dangerous goods are divided into nine classes (in addition to several subcategories) on the basis of the specific chemical characteristics producing the risk.^[2]

Note: The graphics and text in this article representing the dangerous goods safety marks are derived from the United Nations-based system of identifying dangerous goods. Not all countries use precisely the same graphics (label, placard and/or text information) in their national regulations. Some use graphic symbols, but without English wording or with similar wording in their national language. Refer to the Dangerous Goods Transportation Regulations of the country of interest.

For example, see the Dangerous Goods Safety Marks^[3] in the Canadian Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations.

The statement above applies equally to all the Dangerous Goods classes discussed in this article.

Class 1: Explosives
Information on this graphic changes depending on which, "Division" of explosive is shipped. Explosive Dangerous Goods have compatibility group letters assigned to facilitate segregation during transport. The letters used range from A to S excluding the letters I, M, O, P, Q and R. The example above shows an explosive with a compatibility group "A" (shown as 1.1A). The actual letter shown would depend on the specific properties of the substance being transported. For example, the Canadian Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations provides a description of compatibility groups. 1.1 Explosives with a mass explosion hazard Ex: TNT, dynamite, nitroglycerine. 1.2 Explosives with a severe projection hazard. 1.3 Explosives with a fire, blast or projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard. 1.4 Minor fire or projection hazard (includes ammunition and most consumer fireworks). 1.5 An insensitive substance with a mass explosion hazard (explosion similar to 1.1) 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles. The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) regulates hazmat transportation within the territory of the US. 1.1 — Explosives with a mass explosion hazard. (nitroglycerin/dynamite) 1.2 — Explosives with a blast/projection hazard. 1.3 — Explosives with a minor blast hazard. (rocket propellant, display fireworks) 1.4 — Explosives with a major fire hazard. (consumer fireworks, ammunition) 1.5 — Blasting agents. 1.6 — Extremely insensitive explosives.
Hazardous Materials Class 1: Explosives	Hazardous Materials Class 1.1: Explosives Mass Explosion Hazard	Hazardous Materials Class 1.2: Explosives Blast/Projection Hazard
Hazardous Materials Class 1.3: Explosives Minor Blast Hazard	Hazardous Materials Class 1.4: Explosives Major Fire Hazard	Hazardous Materials Class 1.5: Blasting Agents Blasting Agents
	Hazardous Materials Class 1.6: Explosives Extremely Insensitive Explosives
Class 2: Gases
Gases which are compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure as detailed below. Some gases have subsidiary risk classes; poisonous or corrosive. 2.1 Flammable Gas: Gases which ignite on contact with an ignition source, such as acetylene and hydrogen. 2.2 Non-Flammable Gases: Gases which are neither flammable nor poisonous. Includes the cryogenic gases/liquids (temperatures of below -100°C) used for cryopreservation and rocket fuels, such as nitrogen and neon. 2.3 Poisonous Gases: Gases liable to cause death or serious injury to human health if inhaled; examples are fluorine, chlorine, and hydrogen cyanide.
Hazardous Materials Class 2.1: Flammable Gas	Hazardous Materials Class 2.2: Nonflammable Gas	Hazardous Materials Class 2.3: Poisonous Gas
Hazardous Materials Class 2.2: Oxygen (Alternative Placard)	Hazardous Materials Class 2.3: Inhalation Hazard (Alternative Placard)
Class 3: Flammable Liquids
Flammable liquids included in Class 3 are included in one of the following packing groups: Packing Group I, if they have an initial boiling point of 35°C or less at an absolute pressure of 101.3 kPa and any flash point, such as diethyl ether or carbon disulfide; Packing Group II, if they have an initial boiling point greater than 35°C at an absolute pressure of 101.3 kPa and a flash point less than 23°C, such as gasoline (petrol) andacetone; or Packing Group III, if the criteria for inclusion in Packing Group I or II are not met, such as kerosene and diesel. Note: For further details, check the Dangerous Goods Transportation Regulations of the country of interest.
Hazardous Materials Class 3: Flammable Liquids	Hazardous Materials Class 3: Combustible (Alternate Placard)	Hazardous Materials Class 3: Fuel Oil (Alternate Placard)
	Hazardous Materials Class 3: Gasoline (Alternate Placard)
Class 4: Flammable Solids
Hazardous Materials Class 4.1: Flammable Solids 4.1 Flammable Solids: Solid substances that are easily ignited and readily combustible (nitrocellulose,magnesium, safety or strike-anywhere matches).	Hazardous Materials Class 4.2: Spontaneously Combustible Solids 4.2 Spontaneously Combustible: Solid substances that ignite spontaneously (aluminium alkyls, white phosphorus).	Hazardous Materials Class 4.3: Dangerous when Wet 4.3 Dangerous when Wet: Solid substances that emit a flammable gas when wet or react violently with water (sodium, calcium, potassium, calcium carbide).
Class 5: Oxidizing Agents and Organic Peroxides
Hazardous Materials Class 5.1: Oxidizing Agent 5.1 Oxidizing agents other than organic peroxides (calcium hypochlorite, ammonium nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate).	Hazardous Materials Class 5.2: Organic Peroxide Oxidizing Agent 5.2 Organic peroxides, either in liquid or solid form (benzoyl peroxides, cumene hydroperoxide).
Class 6: Toxic and Infectious Substances
Hazardous Materials Class 6.1: Poison 6.1a Toxic substances which are liable to cause death or serious injury to human health if inhaled, swallowed or by skin absorption (potassium cyanide, mercuric chloride). 6.1b (Now PGIII) Toxic substances which are harmful to human health (N.B this symbol is no longer authorized by the United Nations) (pesticides,methylene chloride).	Hazardous Materials Class 6.2: Biohazard 6.2 Biohazardous substances; the World Health Organization (WHO) divides this class into two categories: Category A: Infectious; and Category B: Samples (virus cultures, pathology specimens, used intravenous needles).
Class 7: Radioactive Substances	Class 8: Corrosive Substances	Class 9: Miscellaneous
Hazardous Materials Class 7: Radioactive Radioactive substances comprise substances or a combination of substances which emit ionizing radiation (uranium, plutonium).	Hazardous Materials Class 8: Corrosive Corrosive substances are substances that can dissolve organic tissue or severely corrode certain metals: 8.1 Acids: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid 8.2 Alkalis: potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide	Hazardous Materials Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous substances that do not fall into the other categories (asbestos, air-bag inflators, self inflating life rafts, dry ice).

Other hazardous materials labels (CHIP) [edit]

Hazardous Materials Hazard Symbol: C/Corrosive	Hazardous Materials Hazard Symbol: E/Explosive	Hazardous Materials Hazard Symbol: F/Flammable
Hazardous Materials Hazard Symbol: N/Environmental Hazard	Hazardous Materials Hazard Symbol: O/Oxidizing	Hazardous Materials Hazard Symbol: T/Toxic
Hazardous Materials Hazard Symbol: Xn/Harmful;Xi/Irritant

^[4]

Australia [edit]

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012)

The Australian Dangerous Goods Code, seventh edition (2008) complies with international standards of importation and exportation of dangerous goods in line with the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Australia uses the standard international UN numbers with a few slightly different signs on the back, front and sides of vehicles carrying hazardous substances. The country uses the same "Hazchem" code system as the UK to provide advisory information to emergency services personnel in the event of an emergency.

Canada [edit]

Transportation of dangerous goods (hazardous materials) in Canada by road is normally a provincial jurisdiction. The federal government has jurisdiction over air, most marine, and most rail transport. The federal government acting centrally created the federal transportation of dangerous goods act and regulations, which provinces adopted in whole or in part via provincial transportation of dangerous goods legislation. The result is that all provinces use the federal regulations as their standard within their province; some small variances can exist because of provincial legislation. Creation of the federal regulations was coordinated by Transport Canada. Hazard classifications are based upon the UN Model.

The province of Nova Scotia's dangerous goods transportation act can be viewed here: Dangerous Goods Transportation Act

The province of Nova Scotia's dangerous goods transportation regulations can be viewed here: Dangerous Goods Transportation Regulations

The federal government's Transport Dangerous Goods website is located here: Transportation of Dangerous Goods

Outside of federal facilities, labour standards are generally under the jurisdiction of individual provinces and territories. However, communication about hazardous materials in the workplace has been standardized across the country through Health Canada's Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS).

Europe [edit]

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012)

The European Union has passed numerous directives and regulations to avoid the dissemination and restrict the usage of hazardous substances, important ones being theRestriction of Hazardous Substances Directive and the REACH regulation. There are also long-standing European treaties such as ADR and RID that regulate the transportation of hazardous materials by road, rail, river and inland waterways, following the guide of the UN Model Regulation.

European law distinguishes clearly between the law of dangerous goods and the law of hazardous materials. The first refers primarily to the transport of the respective goods including the interim storage, if caused by the transport. The latter describes the requirements of storage (including warehousing) and usage of hazardous materials. This distinction is important, because different directives and orders of European law are applied.

United Kingdom [edit]

The United Kingdom (and also Australia, Malaysia, and New Zealand) use the Hazchem warning plate system which carries information on how an emergency service should deal with an incident. The Dangerous Goods Emergency Action Code List (EAC) lists dangerous goods; it is reviewed every two years and is an essential compliance document for all emergency services, local government and for those who may control the planning for, and prevention of, emergencies involving dangerous goods. The latest 2011 version is available from the National Chemical Emergency Centre (NCEC) website^[5] and as a book.^[6]

United States [edit]

A picture of the U.S. DOT classes in use.

Due to the increase in the perceived threat of terrorism in the early 21st century after the September 11, 2001 attacks, funding for greater HAZMAT-handling capabilities was increased throughout the United States, recognizing that flammable, poisonous, explosive, or radioactive substances in particular could be used for terrorist attacks.

The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) regulates hazmat transportation within the territory of the US by Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations.^[7]

The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates the handling of hazardous materials in the workplace as well as response to hazardous-materials-related incidents, most notably through Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response(HAZWOPER).^[8] regulations found at 29 CFR 1910.120.

In 1984 the agencies OSHA, EPA, USCG, NIOSH jointly published the first Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Guidance Manual^[8] which is available for download, or can be purchased from the US Government Printing Office, Pub. 85-115.^[9]

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates hazardous materials as they may impact the community and environment, including specific regulations for environmental cleanup and for handling and disposal of waste hazardous materials.

The Consumer Product Safety Commission regulates hazardous materials that may be used in products sold for household and other consumer uses.

Hazard classes for materials in transport [edit]

Following the UN Model, the DOT divides regulated hazardous materials into nine classes, some of which are further subdivided. Hazardous materials in transportation must be placarded and have specified packaging and labelling. Some materials must always be placarded, others may only require placarding in certain circumstances.

Trailers of goods in transport are usually marked with a four digit UN number. This number can be referenced by first responders (firefighters, police officers, and ambulancepersonnel) who can find information about the material in the Emergency Response Guidebook.

Fixed facilities [edit]

Different standards usually apply for handling and marking HAZMATs at fixed facilities, including NFPA 704 diamond markings (a consensus standard often adopted by local governmental jurisdictions), OSHA regulations requiring chemical safety information for employees, and CPSC requirements requiring informative labeling for the public, as well as wearing Hazmat suits when handling hazardous materials.

Packing groups [edit]

Doublewall corrugated fiberboard box with dividers for shipping four bottles of corrosive liquid, UN 4G, certified performance for Packing Group III

Packing groups are used for the purpose of determining the degree of protective packaging required for Dangerous Goods during transportation.

• Group I: great danger, and most protective packaging required. Some combinations of different classes of dangerous goods on the same vehicle or in the same container are forbidden if one of the goods is Group I.^[10]
• Group II: medium danger
• Group III: least danger among regulated goods, and least protective packaging within the transportation requirement

Transport documents [edit]

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012)

One of the transport regulations is that, as an assistance during emergency situations, written instructions how to deal in such need to be carried and easily accessible in the driver’s cabin.

A license or permit card for hazmat training must be presented when requested by officials.

Dangerous goods shipments also require a special declaration form prepared by the shipper. Among the information that is generally required includes the shipper's name and address; the consignee's name and address; descriptions of each of the dangerous goods, along with their quantity, classification, and packaging; and emergency contact information. Common formats include the one issued by the International Air Transport Association(IATA) for air shipments and the form by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for sea cargo.